Docker Best Practices for Development and Production

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Image Building Best Practices

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# Good practice - specific tags
FROM node:20.10.0-alpine3.18

# Bad practice
FROM node:latest

Multi-stage Builds

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# Build stage
FROM node:20.10.0-alpine AS build
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# Production stage
FROM node:20.10.0-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=build /app/dist ./dist
CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]

Security Best Practices

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Run as Non-root User

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FROM node:20.10.0-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY --chown=node:node . .
USER node
CMD ["npm", "start"]

Secret Management

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# docker-compose.yml with secrets
services:
  app:
    image: my-app:1.0.0
    secrets:
      - db_password
    environment:
      - DB_USER=admin

secrets:
  db_password:
    file: ./secrets/db_password.txt

Development Workflow

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# docker-compose.dev.yml
services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      target: development
    volumes:
      - .:/app
      - /app/node_modules
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"

Health Checks

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HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=30s --start-period=5s \
  CMD curl -f http://localhost:3000/health || exit 1

"Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Docker best practices improve security, efficiency, and maintainability."
— Container Guide